As heat waves sweep across the globe, experts warn of the severe health risks posed by soaring temperatures and humidity. Increased understanding and prompt recognition of symptoms are crucial in mitigating the dangerous effects of extreme heat in a changing climate.
Heat Waves Present Significant Health Risks
BEIRUT – As temperatures and humidity soared in the Mediterranean Sea, a man in Beirut used cold water to cool down amid extreme heat conditions. This scene is reflective of the severe heat waves impacting regions globally including the United States, Mexico, India, and the Middle East, exacerbated by climate change.
Key Body Temperature: The human body’s resting core temperature is around 98.6°F. A slight increase to 104°F or higher, as noted by Dr. Neil Gandhi from Houston Methodist Hospital, can lead to heat exhaustion or heatstroke, putting individuals at severe risk.
How Heat Kills: Heat can cause death through heatstroke, cardiovascular strain, and dangerous dehydration.
1. Heatstroke: Critical increases in body temperature lead to organ failure as the body redirects blood from vital organs to the skin to cool down, explains Professor Ollie Jay from the University of Sydney.
2. Cardiovascular Strain: The heart works harder to maintain blood pressure, which can overwhelm those with heart conditions.
3. Dehydration: Loss of fluids stresses the kidneys and can induce shock.
Impact on the Brain: Heat also affects cognitive function, causing confusion which can be an early sign of heatstroke, says Professor Kris Ebi from the University of Washington.
Humidity Matters: High humidity exacerbates heat risks as it hinders sweat evaporation, making heat waves, especially humid ones, more lethal.
Emergency Responses: Heatstroke is treated urgently with cold water immersion or cooling mats within the first 30 minutes to prevent critical outcomes, according to Dr. Renee Salas from Harvard University.
Global and Local Impact: Recent heat waves have resulted in significant mortality globally, including 14 deaths in India and 125 in Mexico. Experts stress the importance of recognizing and responding to these health stressors as climate patterns continue to shift.
By understanding these health risks and recognizing early symptoms, individuals can mitigate the severe effects of extreme heat.
